Write My Term Papers For Me

Write My Term Papers For Me They ensure that each order meets provided requirements and exceeds customer`s expectations. You will get a a hundred% unique, mistake-free paper. It shall be written from scratch and checked for plagiarism before we deliver it to you. We fight plagiarism Your paper is completely scanned with anti-plagiarism software. If one thing goes wrong along with your paper, you get a refund. You get free customer support each on the cellphone and in chat. If you aren't happy with your paper, you can get free revisions until you might be content material and proud of the final draft. The analysis paper will have a excessive commonplace, all the while ensuring that it comes at an reasonably priced value. Choose the kind of paper you should be written, the number of pages, deadline and other requirements. An summary is 275 words max; it highlights the key points indicated in the larger paper and is used to reveal the main topic. third, applicants must produce an essay on a random matter additionally inside 30 minutes â€" about 10% move. second, we administer a reasonably voluminous English language take a look at with limited time obtainable to ensure that there is no time to use exterior sources â€" solely 35% overcome this stage. Pay when you are fully happy with your paper. We do our greatest to protect you from being accused of dishonest by your trainer. Keep in mind that the worth tremendously depends on the offered info. For instance, the further the deadline, the cheaper the paper goes to price you. Be positive your info will be kept confidential because of our secure service. With over 98% of all assignments delivered on time, you have a cause to place an order with us. We offer reviews from our prospects to personally tell you about their experiences and outcomes with Edubirdie. There’s no substitute for a second set of eyes, which is why you need to rely on essay modifying by dependable professionals. We provide full support whereas delivering your paper with free revisions if wanted. The security and confidentiality of the purchasers is our prime concern. If you suppose the worth is just too steep for the common pupil, Academized has loads of discounts that will slash off a couple of dollars out of your order. For the primary 15 or more pages you order, you may get 5% off; for 50+ pages you get 10%; and for bulkier duties with greater than 100 pages, you possibly can get pleasure from up to 15% discount. And when you’re a primary-time customer, they offer another 15% low cost. So what makes Academized.com any different from other web sites managed by this firm? You merely signal-up for a FREE account and you'll immediately be a member in our Essay Community. You'll see why hundreds of thousands of students enjoy using our website and refer eCheat to different college students greater than some other Essay website on the internet. eCheat.com is probably the most person friendly FREE ESSAY web site on the web. Over a million college students go to our website every month. Cookie Policy We use cookies to enhance your shopping expertise on our web site. By staying at WiseEssays.com, you comply with our Cookie Policy. You can change your setting at any time - learn more in our Cookie Policy part. Managed by a company known to advertise faux optimistic reviews. These faux Academized reviews are, in no way, a mirrored image of the emotions of REAL clients who were deceived by them. My other purchase here was a $49 bio paper titled “The Species Concept.” Despite appearing in the bio section of the site, this paper gave the impression to be for a philosophy class. Of course, no approach to know that until after you’ve bought it . My decide would grade this a C- in an intro bio class, as its conclusion was “utterly meaningless,” and it tossed around “ethereal” philosophies without truly understanding the species idea at all. You can also assist us make your buyer expertise secure by following these simple hints. You might be supplied with an order type, which has sections of necessities. You are supposed to offer particulars of your paper whereas following the order type. Ensure to provide an exhaustive information in every area. 30 days previous the order obtain, your paper shall be automatically deleted from our database. At first glance, it appears as if Academized.com’s cash-again guarantee is ready in stone, proving that they’re a legitimate service. But after studying the whole thing, our doubts have been heightened even additional. Creating a paper from scratch is a painstaking course of. We tailor initiatives primarily based in your wants and write consistent with your tips, at all times. VIP support ensures that your enquiries shall be answered immediately by our Support Team.

You Will Prepare And Submit A Term Paper On Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts Works Your Paper Should Be A Minimum Of 2750 Words In Length.

You Will Prepare And Submit A Term Paper On Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts Works Your Paper Should Be A Minimum Of 2750 Words In Length. Term paper writing is extraordinarily complicated as in comparison with small written assignments that could be quite quite a few, but undoubtedly less tedious. Working on a term paper is such a challenge due to its length, construction and significance. So the extra you concentrate on finding the primary point, the more you'll be able to put into these pages. Our educational writers know tips on how to work with small scopes, get to the guts of a subject and create a well-structured term paper that will impress your lecturer. You’ll be able to then communicate with them as you make clarifications about your order. Your paper is then set in progress and is delivered within the anticipated time. We are joyful to condition that the charge of our returning clientele will take ninety three% and it retains expanding. Pupils depend on our customized writing solutions and are available again yet once more with each single following get. We extremely benefit every repeated buyer and infrequently strive to fulfill up with all shoppers’ expectations. Therefore, we rent only specialist writers who know tips on how to remember to professors’ calls for even in the most sophisticated dissertations and theses. They know all modern writing expectations and stick to exactly every sentence from the client’s task file. We present a wide range of providers and can be found at your ease. We have been serving students abroad, particularly of US, UK, UAE, and Australia. If you're nervous in your take a look at assessment you may turn to us, we are going to get you're employed accomplished according to your necessities, assuring your satisfaction even briefly deadlines. Even in case you have quite elaborate guidelines, we guarantee you that our writers will adhere to them to the entire. Consequently, you'll be able to purchase phrase papers, essays, and different tutorial papers with relieve, realizing that good grades are granted. In the course of academic time period we have written many term papers. The process to getting your paper accomplished may be very quickly. Log in to our net page, create an account and submit the queries. In case you’ll discover attachments, you may need to ship them with the query additionally. You could then be told concerning the rates of delivering the writing solutions to you. When you lastly are logged into our system, you get to choose the writer who should work in your paper. They understand how to respond to queries too as give an in-depth and meaningful investigation about them. Our enterprise has produced writing time period papers extremely uncomplicated. All you may need to do is send us a request that you really want our help. Most importantly, our writers are capable of indicating that you just acquired enough knowledge of your specific subject to have the ability to summarize it in a couple of pages. It will show that you simply critically examined your topic and have been able to construct your own opinion on it, so you possibly can name arguments and assist them with dependable sources. All in all, your term paper goals to argue a certain viewpoint of a particularly approached area and prove your functionality of working and writing scientific papers. With the assistance of our writers, there is nothing that might presumably go mistaken. You also can talk effectively with all the author who has been assigned your paper. Our term paper writers’ group is comprised of women and men that have completed their masters and PhDs when some are pursuing their doctoral degrees. The high academic skills enable our writers to have a robust practical expertise on how term papers ought to actually be written. Creating an expertise time period paper influence your grades positively and should change your tutorial life relying on the choice you made. Your term paper must strategy a selected subject, you will need to focus on the primary subject and discover a nicely-conceived structure which varieties the basis for everything that follows. Generally, a time period paper tends to encompass between 10 and 20 pages. A paper that deserves lots of research additionally calls for barely larger charges than one particular with minimal necessities. We care about your potential as a student to pay for our providers as a result the economical charges. Our company boasts of assist staffs who’re accessible any time. When you’ve got any question about our term paper writing services, you’re assured of quick suggestions.

Scarface Movie Critique - 550 Words

Scarface Movie Critique (Essay Sample) Content: Name: Institution: Instructor: Date: Scarface Movie Critique Scarface movie (1983) directed by Brian De Palma, written by Oliver Stone and produced by Martin Begman presents a chronicle of crimes followed by betrayal and loss (Seeker). Two friends and business partners, Tony and Manny are jailed for political activism. The quest for much gain from the business pushes Tony to kill major drug lord so that he can take his place. The movie ends with violence and desperation. Scarface movie is not pleasant to watch because it consist of war and murder scenes. The director has used vivid graphics to deliver his message. Scarface movie is an account of drug abuse and its relation to violence. The movie opens up with Tony Montana (Al Pancino) and Manny Ribera (Steven Bauer) who are Cuban refugees for Florida, incarcerated for political activism. In the jail, Manny makes friendship with Omar Suarez (F Murray Abraham) who later asks Manny to kill a man in jail for a pay. Soon after the jail term, Montana and Manny meets Suarez who suggests that they should sell marijuana drugs. Tony, a principled man wants a higher paying job than marijuana sale hence he opts to sell cocaine with Manny (Seeker). Manny, a great womanizer complicates Tony dealings forcing Tony to terminate the contract with violence. Tony moves to meet Frank Lopez, Suarez’s boss who is a major drug lord. He is jealous of Lopez earnings from the business and plots to kill him before taking his wife Elvira (Michelle Pfeiffer). After the murder of Lopez, Tony is employed by Sosa, a former associate with Lopez and begins to make huge amounts of money. Soon after Miami bank refuses to take more of his money after learning that the money is from an illegal business, Tony resorts to taking the drugs he supplies as well as a his wife Alvira leading to divorce of the marriage. Because of much intoxication, Tony kills Manny with a wrong perception that he was screwing hi sister but the two ha d just married. The movie ends wit Tony full of violence and desperate as his business begins to collapse. The director and actors have used a clear presentation of their message. For example, Tony is seen living in a nice house at the peak of his business though, he does not have peace of mind. This gives a clear illustration that though drug business look pleasant at the face, inwardly, it is hurting. However, the movie is not edited well. For example, in one case Suarez shoes fall randomly when he is hanging from the helicopter and it seems that he is dancing while on the helicopter. This is confusing to the viewer. I did not like the movie because it has many violent graphic scenes that may turn to be influential to the viewer. For example, at several instances, Tony is angry when a business partner seems to be excelling than him. The fact that Lopez was getting...

American History America Now and Then - 2171 Words

America: Now and Then Humans have a tendency to to change with time. Human are the most intelligent creatures and can adapt and survive in any environment. People evolve as time changes. It is human nature to want for new things and new change. United States changed a lot since the mid-1400s till today. Some are good, some are bad. But even though change is inevitable, there are lot things that are still common. Some things never change. From the time Columbus discovered America till today, a lot of things have changed. He is known as the father of this country. Even though he didn’t have the end that he deserved, he is the reason for this great country to bloom out of sheer darkness. Great leaders like Thomas Jefferson have played an†¦show more content†¦Many are lobbying for an adaption that goes both ways. And many are rejecting society’s old definition by their own definition.† Gender equality is, first and foremost, a human right. Empowered women are the back bone of the economy. Empowered women contribute to the health and productivity of whole families. Women are the heart and soul of a family. Back in the days, all women did was take care of the family. They had no say on the important matters. They were to stay at house and do all the household work, take care of kids. They didn’t have the right to vote, or the right to go out and work, to make money for them. But as time changes, people learned to value the importance of human. Given the opportunity, women can do as much work as men and sometimes even better. According Judith Harlan in Feminism, â€Å"In this generation women are studying at West Point and winning Rhodes scholarships, and they expect to earn equal pay for equal work.† Families that have both the men and women working tend to earn more money and family as a whole seems to prosper. Women these days can do everything that men do. From construction workers to being C.E.O. in the bank, women have achieved success in e very field. Women like Madam Curie, Mother Teresa, Rosa Parks have made world a better place to live in. Yet discrimination against women remains persistent in areas like economic discrimination, reproductiveShow MoreRelatedThe Cultural Crossroads Of The Americas794 Words   |  4 Pagesapartment. Now, imagine waking up to the uncertainty of where your next meal will come from. These two distinct scenarios represent modern day American and historic America inhabited by Native American Indians. Bob Haozous plays on these two scenarios in an art installation that portrays two sides of American history. The left is depicted through three hunter-gatherers with tools and performing cultural rituals. The right side is depicted through tall buildings and symbols that represent American cultureRead MoreHistory And Its Impact On America1289 Words   |  6 PagesMany points in history are very important because of how they happened and what effects those historical events made possible in t he future. Without history America would not know where we came from or how we got to where we are today. History helps us as Americans make decisions that could improve our future as a country, because without history to lead us in the right direction we could constantly make the same mistakes over and over again. There are many important times in history that greatly influencedRead MoreTo Be Woman in Post-Revolution America1468 Words   |  6 PagesWhat did the Revolution mean for the women of America? Some scholars say the Revolution did little to change life for her at all, while others argue that the Revolution was the catalyst of change that paved the way for a more independent American woman. The argument of a woman’s property rights became a hot topic in the court systems of post-Revolution America. Women we key in raising productive members of society and the idea of Republican motherhood was born. In order to raise educated childrenRead MoreWhat Makes A Person Amer ican?1052 Words   |  5 Pages we can see the changes America has gone through everyday. The history of America is an enormous textbook that is impossible to complete in one semester of history class. Related to every country in the world, people have controversial opinions on America. Some felt America has the best value and she absolutely lived up to her own intentions while some felt America didn’t live up to her promises. However, I still like America even though she has many flaws. I like America because she is a land whereRead MoreDiana Der-Hovanessians Personal Influences on her Works1835 Words   |  7 PagesDiana Der-Hovanessian is a contemporary American poet of Armenian descent. Her literary contribution includes 25 books of poems and Armenian poetry translations into English. Der-Hovanessian’s upbringing in Worcester, Massachusetts shaped her early life as her family prospered and helped other Armenian immigrants find work and attend school. Her interest in translating Armenian poetry began when her father asked her to translate works of Armenian poet Daniel Varoujan. Since the 1980s Der-HovanessianRead MoreAfrican American History : African Americans1269 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans have transformed history or made a mark on our country. African Americans have displayed heroism and bravery for what we believe in. Without Black History Month as a holiday, these people would not have been recognized for all of their many achievements. We must continue to celebrate the achievements of African Americans, and we must correct the inconsistences of the past. Black History Month should be kept as a national holiday as long as we are the United States of America. BlackRead MoreMajor Turning Points in U.S. History (1492-1820)1366 Words   |  6 PagesMajor Turning Points in U.S. History (1492-1820) Throughout documented United States history, immense changes in social, political, and economic establishments have been brought about by perplexing people or conditions. Often, these changes mark a turning point in the progress of civilization as new ideas are formed, new governments raised, or new discoveries put to use in the interest of progress. Whether these pivotal moments in history may be triggered due to a single nonconforming individualRead MoreWhat Makes A Person American?1081 Words   |  5 PagesFrom our own eyes, we can see the changes America had gone through everyday. The history of America is a giant textbook; almost impossible to complete in a semester of history class. America had stood of her own ideologies since the day she became a country. Like every country in the world, people have controversial opinions on this land. Some felt America has the best value of all; while some felt like America didn’t lived up to her promises. America is a country that h as grown more complicatedRead MoreRacial Differences Between African Americans And Europeans1326 Words   |  6 Pagesexpounds on this by explaining that racial characters like that in books and novels are formed by an African presence, a presence that has a three parts towards its development. The first part is through the â€Å"hierarchic difference† between African-Americans and Europeans, which was established years ago and is the simplest feature of the development. Basically, it is the established belief of Europeans’ academic dominance over that of Africans, and the view of Africans as ignorant and savage beast,Read MoreAmericas History Founded on the Bible: Investigating America’s Relationship with the Bible throughout Time725 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction: Brief History of the Bible The first piece that contributes to the bible can said to be the Ten Commandments which were made around 1400 BC. New and Old Testaments start arising in the late BC and beginning of AD. Around 1455 AD is when the first bible is massed produced and it is written in Latin. The first fully produced bible in English is in 1535 AD. These bible were not Authorized for public use until 1539 when â€Å"The Great Bible† is produced. The translations of the bible have

Video Games And Its Effects On Education Essay - 1665 Words

Christopher Barona Ms. Booth College Prep English 22 November 2016 Video Games In Education Current education systems are failing to give learning material to students in a way that they understand. Most students don’t care about their education because they think it’s boring and unnecessary. Students feel if the homework or lesson is too hard they won’t give it their best work. We should use video games as a new source of teaching. Students can benefit from video games because it’s a fun interactive way of learning, improves a student s thinking ability, and increases participation. FUN INTERACTIVE WAY OF LEARNING Video games are a great way of teaching because it’s fun. Since students are having fun, they begin to become more focused on what they are learning. Since students become more focused, it encourages learning for them. Students also become motivated since they are having fun. They become motivated because rewards are included. They will also play video games outside of school which encourages them to learn inside and outside. Video Games Were Made for Fun and Entertainment. Video games were created for the fun and entertainment of everyone because it’s interesting. Gonzà ¡lez says studies show that videogames are for amusement and entertainment as a way to get away from all the stress and hard work and to have some fun and relax (72). Video games can be amazing for students in the education system because it provides a better learning experience and will makeShow MoreRelatedVideo Games Positive And Negative Effects1317 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract In recent years, video games have played an important role in the field of education and in treating psychological patients. Video games are a form of self-indulgence, which often provide unique and engaging environments that train players to think fast and resourcefully. With the right design and mechanics, they can facilitate learning and cognitive thinking in diverse levels .Computer games can be used in children with mental health issues, psychological disorders and in chronic disordersRead MoreDungeon And Dragons, Rock N Roll, And Video Games919 Words   |  4 PagesDungeon and Dragons, Rock N’ Roll, and video games, these are three separate activities that when looked at from afar do not seem to have anything to do with each other. However, they in fact do have something fairly big in common. They each have been blamed with being either bad for you or a negative influence. Whether it be Dungeon and Dragons being satanic and making people lose touch with reality, Rock N ’ Roll’s cause of juvenile delinquency, or video games leading to violent and antisocial behaviorRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects1074 Words   |  5 PagesVideo games have some adverse effects, but they are also valuable learning tools. Research about the role of video games as instruments of higher education is inadequate. The data is also limited by the lack of long-term studies and inconsistent findings. Anyone that has not participated in the activity of playing video games may look down on those that do, because it is not seen generally as a productive use of one’s own time. If playing video games were to be compared to other activities that areRead MoreThe Impact Of Video Games On Children1594 Words   |  7 PagesTylor Staffileno 12 April 2017 The Impact of Video Games on Children Introduction â€Å"Video games are bad for you, that’s what they said about rock-n-roll† (Shigeru Miyamoto). Video gaming is regarded as a ubiquitous part of children and adolescents’ life. Children who are daily involved in this activity in the US account for 97% of their total. Additionally, for those at an average of 8-13 years old, approximately, 8.5% of them are addicted to playing video games. Moreover, children at the age of 13-18Read MoreThe Negative Effects of Violent Video Games Essays1274 Words   |  6 Pagesimprovement areas are: warfare, medicine, education of society, and technology. All of these improvements have brought with them positive effects. Warfare has allowed oppressed people to rule themselves; medicine has saved countless lives with vaccines and treatment programs; education of societies has allowed people to make their dreams come true; and, advancements in technology have made the previous three possible. With these positive effects also come negative effects, which are seen on a grand scaleRead MoreVideo Games and Academic Success At the Post-Secondary Level Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe market for video games targets people of all ages, these games however are not just for recreation but are also making headway in the academic world gearing more towards learning through play on the educational level. With a recent spike in popularity and availability video games have become something of interest with academic scholars, teachers and concerned parents wondering how an increased exposure to video games will affect their students academic success. In theory, one would believe thatRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games1241 Words   |  5 PagesPositive and Negative Effects of Video Games Video Games have become astonishingly popular, but unwelcomed source of entertainment. Video game popularity has increased steadily overtime and today 9 out of 10 American teens play video games. On average an American teen spends two hours a day playing video games (Rideout, Foehr, Roberts). However, when Bailey, West, and Anderson gave the survey on the streets a significant percentage of teens claimed playing as much as four hours a day or more (BaileyRead MoreThe Impact of Technology1443 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology, mainly computers and video games, have made a vast difference in our society. Many years ago there were not very many forms of technology that existed. People often used type writers, went, dancing, did puzzle, and played board games for entertainment. Nowadays, the use of computers has become extremely popular. If an individual is not using a computer for some form on entertainment, they are most likely using it for something along the lines of school or work. Technology has gone fromRead MorePositive Effects of Video Games on Learning803 Words   |  3 PagesNowadays, video games are frequently accused of having detrimental effects on children and adolescents. The main arguments against video games are that they lead to addiction, that they provoke violence, and that they impair social development. Whether or not such claims are true has not been determined with certainty as scientific studies have produced contradictory results (â€Å"Video game controversies†). Nevertheless, video games also have beneficial effects, which tend to be underrated, as theyRead MorePositive Outcomes Of Video Games1576 Words   |  7 PagesOutcomes of Video Games Video games are the fastest growing form of entertainment in the world and many adolescents play video games for hours every day. According to a survey conducted by Gallagher, 58% of Americans play video games and 43% of game players believe that computer and video games give them the most value for their money, compared with DVDs, music or going out to the movies (2-3). However, in the past few decades there has been debate over the positive and negative effects of video games

Performance Management Deconstructing Flexibility

Question: Discuss about the Performance Management for Deconstructing Flexibility. Answer: Introduction: With the increasing years, a variety of new options have been introduced in the workplace cultures in order to make the employees comfortable in their workplace. One of them that have been found to be the most successful trend is the work flexibility that is believed to be raging trend in the coming generations. Flexibility in workplace is the new trend that is adopted by a large number of organizations both on a global and the national level that has helped to change the workplace environment for the better (Bloom et al., 2014). This is said so because this trend has allowed a large number of organizations to achieve the best productivity from the workforce. This is because it has been suggested by reports that both the employers and the employees have got scope to maintain a work- family balance that have helped them to overcome different types of physical and mental stress (Kossek et al., 2014). This report will contain how work flexibility is perceived by the three important components of job sector like the employees, HR management and the leaders. This essay will also contain the positive effects that the recent trade will have on the three components along with the companys productivity and will also portray how each of them will adapt to the changes required to implement the new trend of the future in the workplace. From the perspective of the employee: Reports have suggested that employees who experience work life flexibility have been more successful in managing stress. Work life flexibility also plays a very good role in reducing different stresses that the individual often face at different stages of working with the organization (Carlson et al., 2014). Employees getting such opportunity will be more satisfied with their lives. They will be effective in managing a perfect balance between the work and family and therefore will be contented with his life. Comparisons show that employees who have a high work life fit perform much well and fare much better than those employees who have moderate or low work life fit. They are also found to be more engaged in their work and dedicate themselves to the companys objective to achieve its mission. They are also found to less likely to search for new jobs in the coming years as they remain satisfied with their performance and experience no agitation and grudges against the organization (Kel ly et al., 2014). They experience a sense of discretion to fit job related responsibilities into their personal and social lives and therefore these results in situations where they face less or no burnout at all. Surveys conducted in big companies of pharmaceutical, financial, manufacturing, professional and technical services proved that lesser burnout related with their work flexibilities and therefore contributed to less stress (Allen, Cho Meyer, 2014). Surveys in multinational countries have shown that companies who have adapted the trend had employees who were reported to have better health not only in physical domain but also experiences less strain and stress (Fiksenbaum, 2014). Another important term that also needs to be discussed in this context is the Spillover process. By the term spillover one specifically means the the attitudes and the behavior that is carried by an individual when he tries to transit one role at the workplace to another role in the family. Spillovers are mainly accounted on the context of positive spillover that results in the work and life enhancement. Another is the negative spillover which mainly results in the work family enhancement in the work culture. Both of the spillovers are found to exist in a company. Negative spillover mainly results from the work types that demands long hours of working at the office and also relates with psychological stress that is carried to home. This automaticity resulted in the destruction of quality time with the family and cause family conflicts. Positive spillover also exists for employees who perform in organizations providing family financial security and also opportunities for personal deve lopment which leads to a better family member. Different trials and experiments have been conducted which have shown that employees who spend greater time at work and experiences job stress or job involvement experience increased negative spillover. They tend to experience situation where they tend to involve more work interference with their family rather than undertaking more family interference with their work (Voydanoff, 2014). Therefore it has been shown that employees who experience work schedule flexibility are tend to carry less spillover of work stress to their home. They become successful enough to balance the different roles on their dual domain and hence negative spillover gets reduced. Properly scheduling the time of work by the individual depending up in their own capability of giving the best productivity at the particular time of the day help them to reduce spillover of work to home (Lewis, 2014). Organization should therefore give the individual an option of the shi fts when he can perform his best giving the maximum output in the shortest time that will help to reduce negative spillover rate. Work family balance is an important criterion that is often seen to have a very negative impact on the life of the individuals if not handled with expertise. Researchers have stated that work flexibility especially in scheduling the shifts have often helped to act as a very good tool for such issue (Moen et al., 2016). Not only the job features and the workplace demands and objectives have a propounding impact on the life of the patients but also employees family situation can modify the performance of the employee and his attitude towards work. Hence organizations have come up with the trends of varieties of flexible work arrangements which will help the employees to achieve maximum balance on work and family life (Allen et al., 2013). Schedule flexibility provided the employees to minimize work family conflict that in turn promotes work family- environment and enriches the bond. It also helps in improving functioning and performance at workplace or also in home. Both work demands a nd family demands can be handled effectively by the individual keeping not only work and family but him happy as well (Kossek, Thompson Lautsch, 2015). HR management: HR managers always play a very big role in maintaining the work flexibility of the employees. Managing the shifts, wishes and demands of the employees are to be handled efficiently to avoid confusion, commotion and discrepancies in the work place. This when maintained and governed properly, the company may expect high productivity and little loss and at the same time can maintain a happy workforce who wants to dedicate themselves to the organizations needs (Perlow and Kelly, 2014). There are two important domains that the HE management should be concerned with and take extensive care to meet the needs and detail their procedures according to them. The first domains where they need to look over are those employees opting for are the flexible work hours and flexible timing. The HR should have to document each and every flexibility that the employee is opting for and keep a thorough record of it. The HR also needs to manage that whether the employee is undertaking any sort of discrepancies. Flexibility can be found in timings of shifts like working 10 am to 6 pm instead of the usual shift of 8 am to 4 pm. This is called staggered hours and the HR should have thorough information about the names and the number of employees attending the different shifts and keep a record of it to maintain clarity (Galea, Houkes and De Rik, 2014). The HR can also initiate compressed workweek systems like working 10 hours for four days instead of working 8 hours for 5 days. Al these should be done by a strict monitoring so that the employees cannot take excessive benefit from the flexibility by undertaking dishonest approach. It should be e-document ed so that the information can be shared and checked by all the hr executives of the firm so everybody has a clear view of the flexibilities adapted by each employee. Part time work shifts an home based working flexibilities are also be Recorded. Some of the benefits that the HR can manage to provide to the employees is the avoidance of rush hour commutes having more control over the time off strategy. They can also provide the employees with the opportunity to schedule work during quiet times to accomplish more giving higher profit margin. When the HR management will recruit staffs they need to keep on mind that enrolling the most efficient staffs is very much necessary for the benefit of the organization and no such employee can be afforded to be lost (Winefield, 2014). Hence the HR should negotiate with the aspirants of the jobs in such a way that the employees get satisfied by the added benefit of flexibility. It provides a poor impression on the employees and they tend to start a relation with the organization on a very good note. Therefore two of the tools that the management should use is keeping track of the hours work and introducing clear policies about the rules and the hours of work and how it should be maintained (Jackson, Schuler Jiang, 2014). They can also provide flexible working locations if they have their sector located in different cities and towns. This would help the employees to travel a shorter distance to and from work. This would save time and financial flow of conveyance. The employee can have quality time with family as they do not have to shift to other cities and can work in their own cities. Not only the employees will be satisfied, they would also not seek for newer jobs. Besides the employees, the employers will also be happy as they well need to maintain a smaller office with smaller space and less financial flow for maintenance. There will be les absenteeism and fewer distractions among employees and therefore productivity will be high. The different steps that the HR needs to follow is maintain a high level of contact that will help to encourage a two way flow communication that will be established between the management and distance worker and also between them and the colleagues (Putnam, Myers Gail liard). The Hr requires combination of face to face communication, the telephone and also email. Face to face would help the HR management to handle the team building, performance management and introducing changes. They need to be super organized and plan well because in cases of employees, there is a tradition that out of sight meaning out of mind and therefore the HR should be aware enough to take care of the off-site work. Effective team building between onsite and offsite team building is a difficult task but must be pulled out well. They may be also run a pilot study to see the responses of workers and thereby take decisions on it. Leaders: Often employers and leaders try to implement various ways by which they can try to establish a strong bond between the organizations objectives and employees dedication to achieve the goals for the organization. These are mainly done by the employers and the leaders of the organization to improve the work life balance for the workers in the organization. Working flexibility, when introduced by the leaders or the employers of the organization have found to provide some of the best results. This trend has been seen to reduce burnout among the employees, improve employee retention, improve the health of the employees, and reduce the occurrences and the frequency of the absenteeism. Not only, it has also seen to increase productivity and therefore special attention is given to work Flexibility as most of the organization has come forward with various plans. Different employers are providing different types of opportunities to their employees so that they become flexible in their work and can provide the best result to the company (Ramsdal, 2016). In order to provide work flexibility, the leader gives a number of opportunities to the employee. This helps them to give their best to the company as their own problem gets addressed and solved by the company. One of the best opportunities provided by the company is allowing the individual to work from home. In many cases, the individuals are unable to come to office due to sudden necessities or urgencies. In that case the person gets absent and his productivity of the day gets reduced. Therefore many leaders allow work from home for those individuals as they believe that working from home would help in maintaining the daily productivity targets and reach their effective goal. Another opportunity that the employer can provide to the workers is setting the focus on the productivity rather than the hours worked (Perlow Kelly, 2014). In many cases it has been observed that there are many workers who are efficient enough to complete their assigned task within the work time allotted and does not always require the 8 hours segment to complete it hence in this cases, flexibility should be provided. The workers should not be withheld until the completion of 8 years if they had completed their task giving the best productivity. This also helps the workers to balance their life where they can have time for themselves and provide time for their family. Workplace flexibility is also believed to be increased by providing breaks in a work day. Giving seldom breaks in the working schedule of the individual will help the individual to a great degree (Brescoll, Glass Sedlovskaya, 2013). This is said so because frequent breaks in office help the individual to relax himself within the time interval and release out the stress. Often mini games are often introduced by the leaders to make them excited and restart their task once again with the same zeal in a fresh mind. This idea is believed to increase productivity levels and also reduces the work timings. Not only have this man y of the employers come out with different types of working schedules so that they can offer the employees a number of benefits in selecting their shifts. Among them, many leaders have seen to provide an opportunity where the employees can work for about four days a week for long hours according to his feasibility to met the companys demands and then take long 3 days off. The continuous stretch of holidays indeed becomes important for many workers to enjoy quality tome with families and friends and go on a small trip. Moreover providing him shifts according to the requirement of the individual when he has other personal or social commitments to attend to in the other shift, prevents the individual from dropping a leave or being absent (Hatton, 2014). Rather, his attending of any particular shifts out of the varieties of shifts available would not harm any of the stakeholders. Rather it would help him to reach his target and complete his work and Increase Companys profit. Conclusions: Thereby from the above discussions, one might have an idea that how the recent trend of work flexibility has been loved by the current culture of working individuals. It had given them scope of managing a lifestyle worth living for. They have been able to keep their family happy and satisfied which had in turn helped them to be contented them. On the work front also, he has no carried spillover of family pressure to work place which make him to dedicate a full hundred percent in his assigned task. Therefore not only the employee, but also the employer gets impressed over his performance due to his increased productivity. Therefore as he can manage his work effectively within the flexible work shifts or work locations, there is no spillover of work in home and therefore a perfect balance gets achieved. A person who is socially, personally and economically very happy can live the best stable life reaching ne w horizons of success in his years. References: Allen, T. D., Cho, E., Meier, L. L. (2014). Workfamily boundary dynamics.Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.,1(1), 99-121. Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., Shockley, K. M. (2013). Workfamily conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility.Personnel Psychology,66(2), 345-376. Bloom, N., Liang, J., Roberts, J., Ying, Z. J. (2014). Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment.The Quarterly Journal of Economics, qju032. Brescoll, V. L., Glass, J., Sedlovskaya, A. (2013). Ask and ye shall receive? The dynamics of employer?provided flexible work options and the need for public policy.Journal of Social Issues,69(2), 367-388. Carlson, D. S., Hunter, E. M., Ferguson, M., Whitten, D. (2014). Workfamily enrichment and satisfaction: Mediating processes and relative impact of originating and receiving domains.Journal of Management,40(3), 845-865. Fiksenbaum, L. M. (2014). Supportive workfamily environments: implications for workfamily conflict and well-being.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(5), 653-672. Galea, C., Houkes, I., De Rijk, A. (2014). An insider's point of view: how a system of flexible working hours helps employees to strike a proper balance between work and personal life.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), 1090-1111. Hatton, E. (2014). Temporary Weapons: Employers' Use of Temps against Organized Labor.Industrial Labor Relations Review,67(1), 86-110. Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., Jiang, K. (2014). An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), 1-56. Kelly, E. L., Moen, P., Oakes, J. M., Fan, W., Okechukwu, C., Davis, K. D., ... Mierzwa, F. (2014). Changing work and work-family conflict: Evidence from the work, family, and health network.American Sociological Review,79(3), 485-516. Kossek, E. E., Hammer, L. B., Kelly, E. L., Moen, P. (2014). Designing work, family health organizational change initiatives.Organizational dynamics,43(1), 53-63. Kossek, E. E., Thompson, R. J., Lautsch, B. A. (2015). Balanced Workplace Flexibility.California Management Review,57(4), 5-25. Lewis, R. A. (2014). EFFECTS OF FLEXIBILITY ON WORK-LIFE BALANCE: PERCEPTIONS OF MANAGERS AND EMPLOYEES IN ONE LUXURY HOTEL.Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings, 414. Moen, P., Kelly, E. L., Fan, W., Lee, S. R., Almeida, D., Kossek, E. E., Buxton, O. M. (2016). Does a flexibility/support organizational initiative improve high-tech employees well-being? Evidence from the work, family, and health network.American Sociological Review,81(1), 134-164. Perlow, L. A., Kelly, E. L. (2014). Toward a model of work redesign for better work and better life.Work and Occupations,41(1), 111-134. Perlow, L. A., Kelly, E. L. (2014). Toward a model of work redesign for better work and better life.Work and Occupations,41(1), 111-134. Putnam, L. L., Myers, K. K., Gailliard, B. M. (2014). Examining the tensions in workplace flexibility and exploring options for new directions.Human Relations,67(4), 413-440. Ramsdal, H. (2016).Flexible organizations and the new working life: A European perspective. Routledge. Voydanoff, P. (2014).Work, family, and community: Exploring interconnections. Psychology Press. Winefield, H. R., Boyd, C., Winefield, A. H. (2014). Work-family conflict and well-being in university employees.The Journal of psychology,148(6), 683-697.

Social media impact on political campaigns free essay sample

I would like to convey my deep affection to few persons and would love to acknowledge their appreciative help in our research project. The persons include my instructor Sir Sajjad Naseer and Ms. Maheen Haroon . Contents Abstract: Research on this topic would show on overall support or refute of social media playing a significant role in political campaigns. Given the support for social media‘s role in political campaigns, research would show how social media affected previous campaigns, specifically President Barack Obama‘s 2008 presidential campaign, and the growing importance of social media to future political campaigns. Research would also indicate the potential problems and best uses of social media in future campaigns. Introduction: Social media is the interaction among people in which they create, share, or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks. Engagement through social networking sites and Twitter has become a marked feature of political and civic life for a significant portion of Americans . We will write a custom essay sample on Social media impact on political campaigns or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the Mass Communication and Society study, the ability to express political views and opinions online plays an important role for social media in campaigns. Social media allow users to not only seek information but also interact with others through online expression such as posting political commentaries on blogs and social network sites and sharing multimedia commentary. In past campaigns, Facebook users have expressed themselves politically in many ways, such as making online donations, encouraging friends to vote, or posting graphics or status updates expressing political attitudes and opinions. Twitter and blogs have been used by candidates and voters to comment on social and political issues, share information and encourage participation. 38% of those who use social networking sites (SNS) or Twitter use those social media to â€Å"like† or promote material related to politics or social issues that others have posted. 35% of social media users have used the tools to encourage people to vote. 34% of social media users have used the tools to post their own thoughts or comments on political and social issues. According to the Mass Communication and Society study, the ability to express political views and opinions online plays an important role for social media in campaigns. Social media allow users to not only seek information but also interact with others through online expression such as posting political commentaries on blogs and social network sites and sharing multimedia commentary . In past campaigns, Facebook users have expressed themselves politically in many ways, such as making online donations, encouraging friends to vote, or posting graphics or status updates expressing political attitudes and opinions. Twitter and blogs have been used by candidates and voters to comment on social and political issues, share information and encourage participation. Also, YouTube and CNN partnered to sponsor a debate in which candidates took questions from user-created videos as opposed to a moderator. During the 2008 election, it was observed that Barack Obama, who won the election, had a large social media presence. In subsequent years after this election, many other candidates for political office created a presence on social media as well. This leads observers to question the correlation between social media and success in presidential campaigns. Research Questions  o How has social media been utilized in previous political campaigns, specifically the 2008 presidential campaign? o How has the use of social media changed in subsequent political campaigns? o Have there been any negative effects or new problems created because of social media? o What is the predicted future of social media use in political campaigns, particularly in the 2012 campaigns for president? Hypothesis: Ho: Social media can negatively and positively impact the way pol iticians are represented in political campaigns H1:The way politicians are represented are not linked to social media Research methodology: Research methodology used in the research paper is secondary research ,where the qualitative as well as quantitative research has been utilized . Literature review: Within the selection of resources reviewed, the following subcategories were identified: President Obama‘s use of social media in the 2008 presidential campaign, the current use of social media in political campaigns, problems with social media use, and the future predictions for use of social media. This is the order in which the following research is presented. It is important to note that some of these sources could be applied to any and all categories. These articles address the use of social media by President Barack Obama and his campaign staff during the campaign for president in 2008, the first campaign to use strongly social media. Articles that supported the idea that social media was an important part of Obama‘s campaign in 2008 addressed the thesis topic in question and formed the foundation for the research‘s hypothesis that social media affects political campaigns. President Obama‘s use of social media in the 2008 campaign and the apparent discrepancies between Obama‘s use and the use of his opposition, John McCain. These statistics, such as the fact that Obama had 2 million Facebook friends while McCain only had 600,000, show that Obama used social media much more than McCain in the 2008 election (Graber). Also, a November 7, 2008 article on the New York Times blog by Claire Cain Miller discussed the importance and effectiveness of Obama‘s use of social media, supporting the hypothesis that social media had an effect on the 2008 presidential campaign. Also, a study by Matthew James Kushin and Masahiro Yamamoto published in Mass Communication and Society, provided insight into the social media habits of young people (adults under the age of 30), a demographic targeted by Obama in the 2008 campaign. The study found that young people tend to get political information from social media more than any other age group . A 2011 study conducted by the Harvard Institute of Politics found similar results and concluded that 27% of young adults find that Facebook and other social media websites have more of an impact that other types of advocacy (Harvard Institute of Politics). These two studies show that the use of social media helped Barack Obama target young people in his 2008 campaign. Because this thesis concerns social media use, social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube were used as source material. Of particular interest were Facebook groups like ? One Million Strong for Barack? and ? Students for Barack Obama? that emphasized user generated support for Obama during his 2008 campaign. ?One Million Strong? was created in 2007, before the official campaign, by Farouk Aregbe, and it helped mobilize supporters and organize events. (President Obama‘s official Facebook page was also viewed to gain insight into his use of social media. Also of interest were YouTube videos like William’s. Yes I Can,? that used celebrities to garner support for Obama, and the parody video ? I Got a Crush on Obama? by the Obama Girl, that was said to have made an impact on the campaign (Story: Obama Girl). These sources provided insight into the social media platforms and the viewing of them by campaign supporters. The focus of these sources is the use of social media after the 2008 election, namely in the 2010 midterm elections. These sources discuss the use of social media today, and how it has grown since the 2008 election. A study by the Pew Research Center provided useful statistics about the increasing use of social media websites and recent statistics about 2010 use. The study also details important details about the use of social media for political purposes in 2010. An article from Politico by Byron Tau echoes this sentiment and discusses the changes in the social networks themselves since 2008. The articles show that young people are not the only ones using these social networks now, a departure from the Obama‘s 2008 campaign. A New York Times article about the Pew report by Jennifer Preston describes this shift to social media and also discusses the use of social media by the different political parties. According to the article, in the 2008 election, Obama and the Democrats used social media well, but the Republicans lagged behind (Preston). The article shows that Republicans have now almost bridged the social media gap and are quickly catching up to Democrats in terms of social media use (Preston). This shows that social media is becoming important for all political candidates and is not just a fad for the 2008 election. Since social media is a relatively new way for politicians to communicate during political campaigns, it is not surprising that problems with social have arisen for politicians. These articles discuss the problems and challenges associated with social media, because it is important to note the negative effects of social media on political campaigns. A March 18, 2011 USA Today article discusses the problems that the speed of this technology can cause. Referring to Twitter, the article contends that ? †¦it now only takes 140 characters to damage a political campaign because these technologies move so quickly, any off color remark can instantly be read and shared by millions of people (Kucinich). An article by Noah Rothman, the editor of Campaigns and Elections, contends that blunders such as these are especially worrisome when candidates handle their own social media profiles without the help of staff (Rothman, Opposition. Researchers Say Its Still Safe to Tweet). The issue of social media providing damaging material for opposition researchers is also discussed in this article. While opposition researchers say they do monitor social networks, it is not their main source of finding information (Rothman, Opposition Researchers Say Its Still Safe to Tweet). A January 2011 New York Times article discusses the problems political bloggers can also present for candidates with the rise of social media (Peters). While it is important to note that bloggers now play a role in the social media landscape, if used correctly, social media can provide new strategies to combat these problems (Greyes). Another problem noted in these sources is the social media ineptitude of candidates campaigning in local politics. An article by Steve Pearson and Ford O‘Connell in Campaigns and Elections magazine describes the need for local politicians to utilize social media correctly (Pearson and OConnell, Avoiding Social Media Pitfalls). Pearson and O‘Connell discuss problems and solutions for local campaigns using social media. Though many campaigns do not do this, they advise that engaging with constituents and having a concrete message are two of the most important things to remember when using social media (Pearson and OConnell, Avoiding Social Media Pitfalls). Dusty Trice, a Democratic new media strategist, also lists suggestions to combat this problem, especially with Twitter. Natch Greyes, a Democratic media strategist, also provides recommendations to overcome these problems in an article in the March 2011 Campaigns and Elections magazine. The focus of these sources is on predictions for social media use in future campaigns, and suggestions about the best ways to use social media in the future. These articles that support the hypothesis that social media will continue to be an important part of political campaigns help conclude that social media has had a lasting effect on social media over the past 4 years. These articles feature predictions by many social media experts about the future of social media. An article by Byron Tau in Politico describes the changes in the social media landscape, and the implications for the 2012 campaign. The article states, ? †¦the rich, dynamic web of 2012 will bear little resemblance to the stodgy ? Web 2. 0‘-era Internet, circa 2008 (Tau).? In a radio interview with The Madeleine Brand Show, Dusty Trice, the Democratic social media strategist, describes the dramatic changes to Twitter and Facebook, two of the most popular social media websites used in the 2008 campaign (Trice, Social media pervades presidential politics). The article by Pearson and O‘Connell discusses the changes they believe must be made by politicians to keep up with the changing social media landscape. Tau‘s article expands on this and discusses the changes President Obama has made to his social media strategy to keep up with the changes in social media since the 2008 campaign. Though Trice contends that Obama‘s incumbency will provide an advantage in social media in the 2012 campaign (Trice, Social media pervades presidential politics), an April 2011 article by Jeremy Herb describes the strategies Republican presidential hopefuls are undertaking to compete with Obama in the 2012 campaign. These sources also describe different social media experts‘ takes on the best way to utilize social media in the future. In Greyes article, she says that ? nano targeting, especially for Twitter, will provide the most effective way to reach supporters (Greyes). In a Politco article, media strategists discuss the growing importance of Smartphone’s and mobile tablets in the social media sphere. It is important to note the one article that disputes the importance of social media in future campaigns in Jeremy Herb‘s ? In 2012, A New World for Online Campaigning?. This article contends that while social media will have a role in the 2012 campaigns, traditional communication methods such as e-mail and meet-and-greets will still raise the most money (Herb). Research questions President Barack Obama’s Use of Social Media in the 2008 Presidential Campaign President Barack Obama‘s 2008 presidential campaign changed the way political campaigns utilized the Internet, specifically social media, for political purposes. According to an April 4, 2011 article on the political blog Politico, ? †¦Obama brought the long-promised political power of the internet to bear on a presidential campaign, raising millions and organizing thousands through a groundbreaking website and massive email list (Tau).? Obama‘s use of social media in the 2008 campaign has been compared to former President John F. Kennedy‘s use of television. According to a November 7, 2008 New York Times article, ? One of the many ways that the election of Barack Obama as president has echoed that of John F. Kennedy is his use of a new medium that will forever change politics. For Mr. Kennedy, it was television. For Mr. Obama, it is the Internet (Miller).? Besides using email and a website, Obama focused on social media to mobilize volunteers and reach young voters . His widespread use of social media seemed to be a major factor in his victory over John McCain. According to political science professor G. R. Boynton, ? It is hard to imagine two campaigns more fully epitomizing the historical juncture crossed in the 2008 election. The McCain campaign was prototypical campaign past. The Obama campaign heralded campaigns to come. Obama had 2 million Facebook friends, while McCain had only 600,000. Disparities such as this were seen on other social media outlets like YouTube, Twitter, Flickr, Digg and BlackPlanet (Graber 193). Obama spent millions on advertising on Facebook and Google, while McCain used mainly television advertisements (Graber 194). Obama focused on social media sites to target young people and mobilize millions of volunteers, as well as receive donations. The campaign used social media to connect with voters and supporters. According to a March 2011 article by Natch Greyes, a Democratic strategist who has advised campaigns on social media strategy, in Campaigns and Elections magazine, ? †¦ the Obama campaign used social media platforms to encourage voters to participate in and organize campaign activities such as house parties where like-minded voters would gather to watch campaign events or participate in phone banks (Greyes).? Obama raised a record-breaking amount of funds, mainly through small donations. Facebook seemed to be the major social network used in the campaign. Obama‘s Facebook page, currently with more than 19 million likes, relays information about his whereabouts, as well as posts relevant news from the White House. Currently run by Obama for America, the President‘s 2012 campaign, the Facebook page lists Obama‘s favorite books, movies, television shows and hobbies, just like the Facebook page of any user. The team also runs Facebook pages targeted to specific demographics, such as Women for Obama, Latinos for Obama, and Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders for Obama. These pages contain posts with links and videos to news that pertains specifically to these groups. While Obama‘s campaign team created pages for Obama and his wife Michelle, voter and supporter-generated groups also played a major role in Obama‘s campaign. Facebook groups like ? One Million Strong for Barack, founded in 2007 by Farouk Olu Aregbe, have mobilized many volunteers and garnered support for Obama. ?One Million Strong? was one of the first pro-Obama groups on Facebook. According to the group‘s description, members of the group have used the group‘s discussion board to ?  coordinate political action with one another in order to propel Barack Obama to victory in the presidential election (Aregbe). Even after the election, the group continued to promote Obama‘s policies. According to the group‘s page, ? Throughout 2009 and 2010, we have also continued to network with each other and organize political action in order to shape the agenda of both the Democratic Party and the President (Aregbe).? Another group, Students for Barack Obama, was started in 2006 as an online petition to encourage Obama to run for President in 2008. Now, the group has expanded offline, into what is now the official student organization of Obama for America with over seven hundred chapters at schools across the country (Students for Barack Obama). According to the group‘s Facebook page, We‘re organizing students to register voters, get out the vote, raise funds, and spread Barack Obama‘s message of hope, action, change (Students for Barack Obama). YouTube was also a major component in the campaign. More than 1800 videos were uploaded by Obama supporters to the BarackObama. com channel, which counted about 115,000 subscribers (Graber). Only 330 videos were loaded to John McCain‘s YouTube channel, and they attracted just over 28,000 subscribers (Graber). In a November 7, 2008 New York Times article, Joe Trippi, a political consultant, said Obama‘s YouTube videos were more effective than television ads, because viewers chose to watch them or received them from a friend instead of having their television shows interrupted. Trippi also asserted that advertising on YouTube is much more cost effective. ?The campaign‘s official stuff they created for YouTube was watched for 14. 5 million hours,? Trippi said in the article. To buy 14. 5 million hours on broadcast TV is $47 million (Miller).? Also, internet sensations like the band Black Eyed Peas member William’s Yes I Can video, which has received more than 20 million views on YouTube, utilized celebrities like Scarlett Johansson, John Legend, Common and others to promote Obama and his campaign. Also, even parody videos like the Obama Girl‘s ? I Got a Crush on Obama helped to promote Obama. Originally posted in June 2007 by the comedy network Barely Political, the video was created as a parody after Obama announced his candidacy for President . According to a New York Times article about the video, ? That video probably had more to do with shaping Obama‘s complicated public image – young and exciting but maybe a bit shallow – than any Internet appeal devised by the candidate‘s own aides . In total, Obama Girl‘s videos have been viewed more than 100 million times, with I Got a Crush on Obama? receiving more than 20 million views Not only did Obama utilize each of these social media platforms, he also integrated them. According to the Greyes article, the Obama campaign focused on connecting with voters through a unified online presence. For example, new YouTube videos also appeared as Facebook posts, and new Facebook posts were also tweeted. ?By doing this the Obama campaign delivered the content supporters wanted in the format they wanted it (Greyes).? In the 2008 Barack Obama campaign, young adults (adults younger than 30 are usually considered in this designation) were a targeted demographic, especially through social media. According to the study in Mass Communication and Society, ? Attention to social media for campaign information was significant during the 2008 campaign, particularly among young adults (Kushin and Yamamoto).? In the study, 27% of adults younger than 30 reported obtaining campaign information from social network sites compared to 4% of adults age 30 to 39 and only 1% older than 40. As it turns out, social media is the best way to reach this age group. According to a March 2011 survey by the Harvard University Institute of Politics, 27% of 19- to 29-year15 olds — called Millennials by marketers — in the U. S. believe Facebook, other social media and blogs together have more of an impact than any kind of in-person advocacy in election campaigns (Harvard Institute of Politics). Also, the Harvard survey found that usage of Facebook by millennials has grown to 80% from 64% over the past year, and 90% of all college students polled by Harvard have Facebook accounts (Harvard Institute of Politics). The survey also found that Twitter usage was increasing among this age group – the percentage with Twitter accounts grew from 15% to 24% in the past year; growth in Facebook usage outpaced growth in Twitter usage by a three-to-one ratio, though (Harvard Institute of Politics). The political apathy sometimes associated with younger generations could also be remedied by social media. The Pew Internet and American Life Project reported that many young adults do not actively search for political information but rather encounter such information while going online for other purposes (Smith). Such unintended encounters can occur frequently in social media. According to the study in Mass Communication and Society, ? Facebook and Twitter, for example, deliver a stream of status updates by other users they friend or follow. These services push content to the user with limited active information seeking (Kushin and Yamamoto). So, even if young adults are not looking to find political information, they see and recognize it in many forms from their peers. The amount of information from these websites can have negative effects on political participation, though. According to the study ? The social media formats that present a wide variety of information simultaneously may distract users‘ attention and impair their capacity to extract politically efficacious information and see out additional political information (Kushin and Yamamoto). Current Use of Social Media in Political Campaigns While 2008 was the first time social media was a major part of a political campaign, the use of social media in the political arena has been increasing. According to the Pew Research Report, one in five adults who use the Internet, including a number of older, conservative Republicans, turned to social networks to get or share information about the midterm elections in 2010 (Preston). Also, according to a study by Nielsen, 25% of all time spent online is on social networks, and more than 170 million Americans over the age of fifteen accesses social media platforms each month (Preston). Also, the study found that viewing online political videos in the months leading up to the 2010 elections rose to 31% among adult Internet users from 19% in 2006 (Preston). Though the Obama campaign was one of the first to use social media for campaign purposes, most political candidates are now using social media. According to the Greyes article, ? In 2010, nearly every campaign used the strategies developed by the Obama campaign†¦ (Greyes). According to the April 2011 Politico article, ? Twitter and Facebook are no longer mere social networks – rather they‘re robust, sophisticated digital platforms with developer tools that let third parties build entire services around them (Tau). According to the article, Facebook had less than 100 million users throughout the entire primary campaign in 2008. By inauguration day in 2009, Facebook had reached about 150 million users. As of April 2011, Facebook had over half a billion – a five-fold increase since mid-2008 (Tau). Besides use for political purposes, money allocation for social media by political campaigns has also increased. Overall, you see significant budgets going to Facebook – because that‘s where users are, said Vincent Harris, a Republican media consultant who helped run the digital shops for Mike Huckabee and Virginia Gov. Bob McDonnell in the April 2011 Politico article (Tau). Now, it‘s not just young people, one of the most targeted groups in the Obama campaign, who are now using platforms like Facebook. ?There‘s an interesting understanding among savvy operators: not just young people are using these tools,? said Adam Conner, associate manger for Facebook‘s public-policy division in the April 2011 Politico article (Tau). In a March 1, 2011 article in Campaigns and Elections magazine, Justin Hart, managing director at RaiseDigital, a new media consulting group, said that as older users increasingly take to social media platforms campaigns and legislative offices would be foolish not to pay attention to them. When you look at the fastest growing demographics on places like YouTube and Facebook, they are people fifty and up who are absolutely voters. They are also likely donors, which is part of what will make social media increasingly important to future campaigns,? Hart said in the article . Facebook is also being used for new purposes. According to the Facebook page U. S. Politics on Facebook, which highlights the latest uses of Facebook by politicians, Obama held a Facebook Live town hall meeting in Silicon Valley, demonstrating that social media is playing an increasing role in politics. Also, in June 2009, Republican State Rep. Justin Amash began posting every vote from the floor of the Michigan House of Representatives (Silverman). He then began posting his own votes, with explanations. According to a June 2010 article on mashable. com, a news site devoted to social media, Amash had positive feedback. ?I instantly received comments from dozens of people who wanted me to know how much they appreciated what I was doing. It became clear to me that posting my votes in real-time on Facebook could revolutionize the process of legislating,? Amash said in the article (Silverman). Amash said in the article that his strategy has helped him gain credibility with voters (Silverman). The gap in social media use by Republicans and Democrats is also closing. Though Obama and the Democrats won the social media battle of the 2008 election, Republicans caught up by 2010 (Preston). ?There was a great leveling out between the activists on both sides, said Patrick Ruffini, a Republican political online strategist who was the digital adviser to President George W. Bush‘s campaign in 2004 and later for the Republican national committee, in a March 2011 article in The New York Times. ?The notion that the Internet was owned by liberals, owned by the left in the wake of the Obama victory, has proven false (Preston).? Most Americans believe the Internet provides more political views than newspaper and television. According to the Pew report, 61% of adults surveyed agreed that the Internet exposed people to a wider range of political views than they might get from traditional news media sources But more quantity doesn‘t always mean better quality. The report found that 56% of Internet users believe it is usually difficult to differentiate information they find on the Internet that is true from information that is not true (Preston). This could mean an increase in social media use for political purposes, though. Alan Rosenblatt, associate director of online advocacy at the Center for American Progress Action Fund, said in the New York Times article that the lack of trust is what will drive more people to use social networks because that is where they can find recommendations and information from trusted friends (Preston). ?Given the opportunity to interact with people rather than institutions, people are looking to connect with people they can trust, Rosenblatt said in the article (Preston). Problems of Social Media Use in Political Campaigns While social media provides a new campaign platform, it also creates new problems. According to a March 18, 2011 article in USA Today, ? As the 2012 presidential race gears up, the growing popularity of Twitter is forcing potential candidates to confront an unfriendly digital reality: It now only takes 140 characters to damage a political campaign (Kucinich).? The instantaneous nature of social media sites can be very destructive. The rise of social media such as Twitter, Facebook and YouTube have accelerated the rate an off-color remark or e-mail can be posted on a news site and in seconds turn into a national news story read by millions of people, the USA Today article said (Kucinich). While political blunders have been caught on tape or sent in email for years, the speed at which bad news travels is dramatically faster than the 2008 presidential campaign (Kucinich). Recently, an example of this was seen through the campaign of Mississippi Gov. Haley Barbour, a potential Republican presidential hopeful. A spokesman for Barbour resigned mere hours after news reports revealed the aide had made a series of insensitive jokes in daily e-mails about earthquake victims in Japan, Janet Reno, and genocide in Cambodia (Kucinich). News of these e-mails, broken by Politico, ? ricocheted across Twitter and the blogosphere? (Kucinich). Phil Singer, a Democratic strategist and former spokesman for Hillary Clinton‘s 2008 presidential bid, called digital media ? ?gotcha politics‘ on steroids. There is also an issue with candidates running and using their own Facebook and Twitter accounts. Political consultants worry that allowing their clients to interact directly with online followers on social media platforms can result in embarrassing missteps that can cost them the campaign. According to a March 2011 article in Campaigns and Elections magazine by Noah Rothman, Facebook is generally a safe forum for interacting with followers because most candidates have a representative take care of their Facebook posting (Rothman, Opposition Researchers Say Its Still Safe to Tweet). But candidates still have to be cautious of their Facebook posts. Darren Eustance, president of the North Carolina-based Republican consulting firm Malleaus Political Strategies, said in the Campaign and Elections article that one of his clients who was running for chair of the Young Republican National Federation was strongly criticized for a comment she made on a comment from someone else (Rothman,Opposition Researchers Say Its Still Safe to Tweet). ?Someone commented on her page something stupid and racist about Obama,? said Eustance in the article. ?This candidate commented on her post, basically saying ? LOL, good comment, ha ha, you tell ? em. ‘ That came back on her like nothing else (Rothman, Opposition Researchers Say Its Still Safe to Tweet). Twitter seems to be the bigger problem with things like this, though, because candidates often compose their own tweets. ?In my experience, you are more likely to find stupid stuff on Twitter than anything else,? Eustance said in the article (Rothman, Opposition Researchers Say Its Still Safe to Tweet). But Dusty Trice, a Democratic campaign consultant, believes that having staffers put up messages will soon be a thing of the past as candidates become more comfortable with technology (Trice, Social media pervades presidential politics). In an interview with The Madeleine Brand Show on 89. 3 KPCC, Southern California public radio, he cited John McCain as one political figure who already handles his own Twitter account and does it well (Trice, Social media pervades presidential politics). Some recent remarks made by McCain about Jersey Shore star Nicole ? Snooki? Polizzi resonated with audiences. It was a news item that he did it,and it highlighted